Central heating - what pipe fittings guarantee best heating?
Each central heating system is based on various connections of different elements. It mostly depends on their construction based on diversified materials. PEX fittings - threaded and press types have been one of the most popular over the years. But, depending on the needs - central heating of a building can utilize copper, nickel or cast iron tubing. Learn the characteristic features of each type of heating system and check how they are constructed.
Heating system based on PEX systems
The highly popular over the years central heating system is mostly based on PEX systems. Because of the material used for their production, as well as the features, pipes such as PEX-AL-PEX and PEX fittings can be used both for central heating and water systems. The limitation in this case is temperature, which might reach maximally 95°C (203 F).
As an additional advantage of this solution, it is possible to transmit potable water without the risk of its contamination - regardless whether you choose press fittings or mouldings. When connecting PEX pipes with other water installation elements, you can use various types of fittings. They are typically PEX elbows and PEX tees. By using them, one can create larger and more complicated systems, fit to a building’s structure. Thanks to this, the heating system’s plan is easy to make, and it can be quickly realized.
The difference in heating systems with PEX fittings lies in using various types of mouldings. What are the characteristic features of those elements?
Heating systems with threaded fittings
Each heating system uses PEX/AL/PEX pipes as the basis. They are, however, connected with each other with various fittings. A threaded fitting consists of the following elements:
- A threaded nut.
- Tightening ring.
- Tube (with sealing o-rings).
- Dielectric spacer.
- Fitting body.
Threaded pipe fittings have a threaded nut which needs to be twisted off the dielectric spacer. Then the nut and tightening ring is put on the pipe. The tube should be placed inside the pipe and press it tightly to eliminate any spaces between the two elements (the pipe should be cut in 90 degree angle). If the tube is inside the pipe, the nut should be screwed with hands as tightly as possible and then fastened with a wrench (a 3/4 turn). Be careful not to fasten the nut too much, as it could damage both the fitting and the pipe.
Be careful not to screw the nut to tight, as you might damage both the fitting and the pipe.
A heating system with press pipe fittings
Press pipe fittings are also commonly used in heating systems. There are several elements in press pipe fittings:
- Tightening sleeve.
- Tube (with sealing o-rings).
- Dielectric spacer.
- Fitting body.
Installation of pipe fittings of this type involves putting the tightening sleeve directly on pipe (without dismantling it). Special gaps located in the tube are used to make sure that the pipe has been placed deep enough. To fix the fitting, a special mechanical press tool is used, which is the main difference between the two types. The tool is put on the pipe and turned on. After a few seconds you can hear a characteristic noise - that means that the fitting has been properly connected with the pipe.
Pipe fittings - main differences in PEX systems
Every heating system should be highly durable. It is important to create leak tight, resistant to various factors connections. For this reason, brass fittings are being frequently used: elbows, nipples and various connectors.
Fittings for radiators
Brass fittings, due to their durability, as well as resistance to high temperatures, are used for radiators. In this particular case, pipe unions are typically used. Apart from being durable, thay also are easy to maintain and highly functional.
Thanks to those elements, you can quickly remove the radiator if the heating systems malfunctions.
Heating - water and gas systems
Brass fittings also build gas and water systems. They use various types of fittings as well. Using brass reducers a and nipple reducers is highly advantageous. Thanks to those elements, different diameters of fittings are no longer problematic. The construction of a building might also force certain changes which have to be applied to the heating system’s layout. Changing the direction of the piping is not a problem. One just needs to use a brass tee or the aforementioned elbow.
Nickel-plated fittings in central heating
Nickel-plated elements, covered with a protective layer, are used for systems in which aesthetics is as important as durability. It concerns all the exposed spots - mostly in restrooms and bathrooms, but not only.
Thanks to the elements, one can be sure that the central heating system or pipeworks are going to be durable and resistant to various factors. Which type of fittings are the most popular? They are nickel-plated couplers, nickel reducers and nickel-covered elbows.
Central heating based on iron cast systems
Apart from all the aforementioned possibilities, a central heating system can also be made up of galvanized cast iron elements. Although many people give up this solution - mostly due to aesthetics - one cannot, however, forget about the most important features. Cast iron fittings are one of the most durable elements available on the market. A stated by experts, they can be used at spots with high risk of changes in pressure. For this reason, cast iron fittings are used not only for central heating, but also water, gas, fire-fighting and ventilation systems.
Similar to all the previous cases - caste iron tees, galvanized reducer nipples and pipe unions made of cast iron are popular products, among many other elements, which can be individually fit to the system.
Regardless of the pieces of equipment used for heating systems, the proper construction is the most important. One can do it by themselves or ask a professional. A lot depends on the specific characteristics of the system, as well as on the medium used for heating.
FAQ
PEX fittings - how to install them?
The method of installation for PEX pipe fittings depends on their construction. Before starting the installation process you should make sure which type you own and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
How to measure pipe fittings?
Measuring pipes and pipe fittings depends on the type of the thread. For male threads, measure the outside diameter. For female threads you should measure the inside diameter.
How to sweat copper fittings?
Start from cleaning the metal and the apply a flux paste. Put the pipe fitting on the pipe and heat the joint so that the flux paste melts and secures the fitting.
How to remove pex fittings?
The easiest way to remove PEX pipe fittings is using a special removal tool. Use it to cut the crimp ring band. Many types, for instance copper fittings can be used again, if they are not damaged.
